Dieting And Weight Management Nutrition - 970 Words

Healthy weight management is about your health, not your waistline, with discipline, being the difference between dieting and managing your weight. Change your mindset and you can change your body, discipline can be the difference between dieting and weight management. Health behaviors have a great effect on how we live our lives, often dictating how we experience our environment. One health behavior that many find difficult, including myself, to manage or alter over time is weight. The physical weight of an individual affects how the individual sees the world and poses a risk to health and wellbeing. A way to manage the weight is through a behavioral contract, which aims to change current health behavior and form better, healthier habits. Through an individualized, self-monitored behavior contract and support, healthy weight management may be achieved. Healthy weight management is more than a diet; weight management is a lifestyle that aims to regulate caloric intake and expenditure in accordance to the amount of physical activity that occurs daily. The goal of weight management is to keep an individual’s body fat content to a healthy minimum, which is important for maintaining overall health and lowering risks of health threats throughout the lifespan. To measure healthy body fat rates, a Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing the weight of the individual by their height squared. Healthy BMI for an individual changes over time in accordance to their height;Show MoreRelatedGlossy Images Of Tall Attractive1344 Words   |  6 Pagesago the average model weighed 8 percent less than the average woman, but today’s models weight is 23 percent less than the average woman† (â€Å"How the Media Portrays Women†). American society is sending a clear message that beauty equals skinny. This American obsession to be â€Å"thin† is being unequivocally accepted by American females and capitalized on by the diet industry. The result is a society obsessed with dieting; ironically, the evidence proves that these diets actually have the adverse effect andRead MoreNutrition and Health Worksheet Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Nutrition and Health Worksheet Use Ch. 1 of Contemporary Nutrition, Ch. 2 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition is the necessary supplements provideRead MoreDieting Is The Best Weight Loss Mechanism For Anyone No Matter The Age Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthese can contribute to an unhealthy weight gain, but one in particular has given rise unexpectedly. Individuals who are overweight or obese and want to lose weight, tend to lean on exercise, dieting or combined efforts of exercise and some sort of dieting mechanism. Research has shown that dieting actually has a negative impact on weight loss because most individuals who chose to diet are doing it wrong. Less than 20% of individuals that have attempted to lose weight are able to achieve and maintainRead MoreSociocultural And Family Influences On Eating Disorders1372 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals to control weight and body image. Overwhelming stress from societal pressures like the need to get good employment, the need to purchase a home may also prompt people to feel overwhelmed so that they start to eat irregularly, and l eads to binge eating and feelings of hunger that are some catalysts for eating disorders. Families also play an important role in the development of eating disorders. When loved ones around an individual place an emphasis on having lower body weight and the â€Å"ideal†Read MoreHealth Of Health And Nutrition1654 Words   |  7 Pagesof maintaining their health. Lack of health management it a big part in deaths today. Health and nutrition is a serious matter among peoples health. Being able to understand and maintain is a big problem now for teens and kids, choosing on the right foods or activities to keep everything in track. health and nutrition can also have a great effect on their social life. Health and nutrition is a very important thing to keep up with. PeopleRead MoreDieting On Weight Loss And Weight Management3070 Words   |  13 Pages2015 The Effectiveness of Dieting on Weight Loss and Weight Management Dieting has been a staple in today’s society for as long as we can remember. Everyone wants to be model thin, have the body of a movie star, or have the muscles of a body builder. It is nothing new that people want to improve their appearance and their overall health by losing a few pounds, but with all of the â€Å"trendy† diets it is hard for people to know what is actually good for their body. Dieting is not just about workingRead MoreNutrition After Joining The Powerlifting Team989 Words   |  4 PagesI first fell in love with nutrition after joining the powerlifting team in high school. Our team, including myself, would wait until the last minute to lose weight for competitions by running outside wearing garbage bags, starving ourselves the day of weigh-ins, and spitting in water bottles to lose water weight. These extreme dieting strategies took a toll on our overall success at competitions and my personal growth as an athlete. I knew I needed to make a change, starting with my diet. AfterRead MoreEssay on Weight Management1269 Words   |  6 Pages Weight management has been thought of as only weight loss by many. Weight management covers all aspects of attaining and maintaining optimum weight for a healthy lifestyle. Health professionals now realize that prevention of weight gain as well as weight loss and improving health status are important goals. These goals must be individualized for success. At the outset of treatment, the patient and health care provider should discuss and agree upon goals. The goals must take into account the foodRead More Body Image in Children and Adolescents Essay3358 Words   |  14 Pagespsychiatry because of the correlation between body image distortions and eating disorders or self-esteem issues. My literature review paper includes several very recent studies that address the cognitive and behavioral components of body image and dieting in young children and adolescents. I discuss what is known and what is still not understood about body image in children around the world today. I give examples of holistic programs developed for school and community involvement in body image awarenessRead MoreOverview of Different Types of Diets4014 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Diets are becoming a type of lifestyle for individuals looking to lose weight or searching to maintain a healthier lifestyle. However, besides the ability to control what an individual eats, there also need to be other considerations taken into account. According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, in order for a person to maintain a healthy body composition, 10%-35% of a persons daily calories should be derived from protein, 45%-65% are to come from carbohydrates

The New York And Chicago - 1073 Words

Recession was a great nightmare for recession brought with it multiple ideals of a troubled economy with regards to the community sufficiently offering services to the public. Cities across the United States have faced the toughest times in recent years with regards to healthcare service provision which has equally lead to closure of several hospitals. Focus for paper will reflect on the situation in the cities of Philadelphia, New York and Chicago; an look into the economic impact of the closure of the hospitals will be expounded upon in-depth as to establish an economic inference reference point economic levels in the said cities. The effect of tough economic times for the United States is evident in the closures of hospitals with some speculating that the facilities have fallen deep into debt as well as the situation is at the tipping point of getting worse in the near future with some cities even going to the extent of invoking the ideals of Chapter 9 bankruptcy (Dixon, Robertson , Appleby, John , Burge , Delvin , 2011). The outline of this paper will be build upon analysis of individual hospital cases in the respective mentioned cities. The analysis will be founded on a critical point of view so as to culminate into a comprehensive economic analysis, together with the impact of the closure of city funded hospitals in the United States of America. The analysis on the impact will be narrowed particularly to the local communities. From the offset, what are left behind areShow MoreRelatedNew York, Los Angeles And Chicago3008 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscussion, we will be limited to three Cities i.e. New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. In the 3 cities we shall broadly discuss the growing up experience in each of the 3 states, strategic features and their staple foods. Finally, the New South Wales in Australia and London in UK would also be looked at. Lenape, an Algonquin who were hunters, fishers and farmers were the first natives of New York. As a result when you meet people from New York interrogate them immediately on where exact they livedRead MoreK J, Chicago, York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.c, And Detroit Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages K J Name: KJ Location: Philadelphia-based, with locations in New York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.C. and Detroit Description of Services: KJ, based in Philadelphia, was founded by John and Khalifa in 2010. ?KJ ?produces and supplies hardware and building supplies. We provide and sell a wide range of hardware products and home improvement appliances such as tools, home decor, electrical appliances, lumber, plumbing and more. John and Khalifa completed their undergraduate ?in theRead MoreRelationship Between White And White Populations1263 Words   |  6 PagesAs the three largest cities in the United States, New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago are also epicenters of precipitous segregation. Even with the passage of federal law to curtail segregation and promote more integrated communities, conditions have only improved minimally – if at all – between 1980 and 2000. In New York, the indices of dissimilarity between different races have remained constant over this time period. Between white and black populations, for example, the index of dissimilarityRead MoreKatherine Dunham: Activist, Anthropologist, Dancer1081 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical and social activist. Dunham was born in Chicago, Illinois and primarily raised in nearby Joliet, Illinois. Dunham first became interested in dance when she was a teenager and trained with Ludmilla Speranzeva, formerly of the Moscow Theatre, Vera Mirova, Mark Turbyfill and Ruth Page in Chicago before and during her college education. She even started her own private dance school, Ballet Nà ©gre, in 1930, while at the University of Chicago where she first began to cultivate her own techniqueRead MoreApplication Of Teaching And Curriculum Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesand writing guided the development of many educational programs making it possible for teachers to have all students learn well. Bloom s co ntributions to education began during his years in the Office of the Board of Examiners at the University of Chicago, where he worked from 1940 to 1959. Much of his work at this time focused on the relationships among methods of instruction, educational results, and measurement of those results. This work led to his first book in 1950 and eventually to the workRead MoreEssay On Random People For Directions1099 Words   |  5 PagesFor Directions New York is the ‘First City’ and Chicago is the ‘Second City’, and although Chicago is similar to New York, it is NOT New York. Therefore, people in Chicago are generally a bit nicer than people in New York and will help you with directions if you get lost. Getting around New York is complex like an abstract painting, very difficult to navigate, and people are generally extremely rude and do not want to help you, including police officers and local shop owners. Chicago is not reallyRead MoreOrganization Structure of the Gang Latin Kings1488 Words   |  6 Pages The Latin Kings organization was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1940 after a number of Puerto Rican men and later Mexican men organized themselves into a group that was meant to protect their communities. However, this group, that was meant to protect Latino immigrants against racism and oppression, grew over the years and turned into one of the largest criminal gangs in America. From 1970 the Latin Kings started to commit a large number of crimes: murder, drug trafficking, robberies etc. SinceRead MoreProstitution And Women s Rights Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution and Women Rights in Chicago. This research paper discusses social issues related to prostitution in Chicago, a city along route 66 and is divided into four sections. In the first section, definition of prostitution is discussed. Also different forms of prostitution are listed. It should be clearly stated there s no one accepted definition of prostitution. The term prostitution is controversial. Sociologists are still debating on how prostitution should be defined. Moreover, prostitutionRead MoreThe Infamous Gangster: Al Capone795 Words   |  3 Pagesmother, Teresina, immigrated from Italy to New York where Al Capone grew up poor. He ended up quitting school and worked in a bowling alley. Al Capone grew up in a bad neighborhood and ended up being a gangster at the age of eight-teen. He then made some choices based on what his gang leader told him. Al Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities occurring in Chicago which gave a sense of a lawless city. He dominated organized crime in the Chicago area fro m 1925 until 1931. Prohibition ledRead MoreHousing Policies By Max Page And Ellen Pader1422 Words   |  6 Pagesat two different examples of the way the US’s housing policies have had a major impact on our society. Page examined the tearing down of the slums in New York City. The government claimed that the buildings were old and unsafe, and thus needed to be demolished. Pader looked at eviction of ethnic groups, particularly Latinos, from their homes in Chicago. The rational for the evictions was that there were too many people occupying one space. This was unhealthy, and thus whole families lost their homes

Freedom Of Speech And Private Property Essay Example For Students

Freedom Of Speech And Private Property Essay Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, valid on private property, which is owned by someone else? Specifically, can an organization not associated with a shopping center use the shopping centers property to promote their cause? The U. S. Supreme Court has left the answer to this question up to the individual states. The majority of states, to date, have answered no; however, several states, most notably California and New Jersey, have answered yes. What is the basis for each States decision and how do these decisions affect the shopping center industry? Shopping Centers Organizations In order to understand how the ourts decisions affect the shopping center industry, we must first understand what a shopping center is and who the organizations are. As referred to in the two most notable court cases, Pruneyard v. Robins (Pruneyard) and NJ Coalition Against War in the Middle East et al. v. J. M. B. Realty Corp. et al. (JMB), a shopping center is defined as one that is between 300,000 square feet and 1,000,000 square feet in size and includes at least one large, over 100,000 square feet department store. During the 1990s, regional shopping centers have given way to super regional shopping centers. Super regional shopping centers are over 1,000,000 square feet in size and usually have four or more large department stores. For comparison in Arlington, Texas, The Parks at Arlington Mall and Six Flags Mall would be considered super regional malls while Festival Marketplace Mall would be considered a regional mall. The organizations that were involved in Pruneyard and JMB consisted of peaceful political activists who were protesting Zionism and the Gulf War, respectively. As far as a shopping center is concerned, anyone not associated with operating the center i. e. , employees, contractors, etc. , or etailers/merchants would be considered a potential customer or part of an organization, depending on if their reason for coming to the mall was to shop. The shopping center, of course, wants everyone to be a customer since their primary business is commercial in nature. First Amendment The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution reads, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. (Amendment I, 1) While this powerful amendment has very broad implications, it also has limitations. The U. S. Supreme Court has held that the Federal Constitution and its accompanying amendments give no general right to free speech in shopping centers since the centers course of business is notstate action. State actions are those actions taken by local government entities or public schools. This limitation is what forces the U. S. Supreme Court to leave the decision of free speech in shopping centers up to the individual states, their state constitutions and police powers. Evolution of Shopping Centers It has been argued, and sometimes accepted, that todays regional shopping center has taken the place of yesterdays downtown business district. From 1972 to 1992 the number of regional and super regional malls in the nation increased by roughly 800% (National Research Bureau 1). The reason for this phenomenal increase is the migration of residents from the city to the suburbs and the accompanying relocation of retail from downtown to the burbs. Shopping centers, by design, have made themselves one-stop destinations. Food, entertainment, apparel and other consumer goods are centralized in a limate-controlled environment. The downtown business district of old once afforded social and political organizations access to the masses. There is no question that the downtown streets and sidewalks were, and still are, public property. To make the distinction between a public downtown and private shopping center more confusing, it is not uncommon for a mall to have a U. S. Post Office as a rent paying merchant, or a police substation in a vacant space. Additionally, it is standard procedure to hire off-duty police officers to supplement mall security guards and even on-duty police officers, although much ess frequently. Another blurring of the distinction between public and private property is when a private mall developer uses some public funds to construct the mall or its infrastructure. State courts, so far, have ruled that the use of public funds does not convert a private mall into public property. (Mall of America, 1). Todays shopping centers provide social and political organizations an ideal place to interact with thousands of people on a daily basis. Shopping centers spend a great deal of money to entice people to come to the mall. For example, during the two weeks preceding the grand opening of Grapevine Mills Mall in Grapevine, Texas, the owners of the shopping center spent approximately $2 million on advertising to draw an anticipated 50,000 shoppers during their opening weekend. The shopping centers have a contractual obligation to advertise the center on behalf of its merchants. Organizations, rightfully so, see the shopping center as one-stop destination. They can reach the largest amount of people in the quickest and most economical fashion by going to the mall. For example, during a non-holiday week, traffic at The Parks at Arlington Mall averaged 55,000 customers, at Six Flags Mall 32,000 and at Festival Marketplace Mall 25,000, approximately. During the Christmas Season, which runs from the day after Thanksgiving to New Years Day, traffic will usually triple and sometimes quadruple. Case Study- Pruneyard The U. S. Supreme Court case of Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins, appealed from the Supreme Court of California, involved a group of high school students who were trying to peacefully solicit support for their opposition to a United Nations resolution against Zionism. On a Saturday afternoon, a particularly heavy customer traffic day for shopping centers, the students set up a table inside of Pruneyard Shopping Center, distributed pamphlets and asked mall customers to sign petitions. Court records indicated that the students actions were not bothering the malls customers. A mall security guard asked the students to leave since their activities were against mall regulations. The students left and later filed a lawsuit against the mall to allow them to circulate their petitions. The students lost their suit in Superior C ourt and also in the California Court of Appeals. They then appealed to the California Supreme Court, where the lower courts verdicts were reversed. Context is all EssayImpact How do the decisions from these cases affect the shopping center industry? Centers that are located in a state whose constitution offers the freedom of speech more protection than the Federal Constitution (California, New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, Colorado and Massachusetts) have a slightly heavier burden to carry than those in other states. A shopping center manager must now formulate standard operating procedures that state where all demonstrations will take place, when they an be held and how they are to be held in order to minimize disruption to customers and merchants. Although the courts have given shopping centers great latitude to regulate these demonstrations, they have provided a whole new avenue of litigation. Each section of a malls standard operating procedures is questionable and, therefore, litigious. Why was one area chosen over another? How come a higher customer trafficked area couldnt be used? Why doesnt the mall allow someone to demonstrate every day and whats wrong with having two opposing groups demonstrating at the same time? Is it too burdensome to require organizations to provide insurance as a precondition to using mall property? If not, than what dollar limit of insurance is sufficient to protect the malls best interest? Answers to these questions must be applied to all demonstrations uniformly and without bias. Even when a shopping center isnt required by law to allow demonstrations, they still should have a written plan to deal with demonstrators requests. During the mid-1990s it was common practice for a malls community access policy to be as follows: no non-retail related activities on mall property. This meant no Boy or Girl Scouts and no Salvation Army. It also meant a lot of very unhappy and influential organizations. As a mall manager who had to enforce such a policy, explaining the policy in the following way soothed many people over. If the mall allows the Boy Scouts to use mall property, than it must also allow the Ku Klux Klan in or face a discrimination lawsuit by them. Rather than face a possible lawsuit, everyone would be denied the use of the mall, except for shoppers. With the proliferation of e-commerce, these access policies have been greatly eased. It is still important, however, that each mall have a standardized method of accepting and scheduling non-shopping activities within the mall. At Six Flags Mall for example, there is a community room that is available to all organizations for a nominal clean-up fee of $20. 00 per use. They use a standardized reservation form, which allocates the room on a first-come, first-served basis. The room is away from the main corridors of the mall and has its own, separate entrance. The only rules governing the room are no outside food or drink is allowed and no smoking is allowed. At Festival Marketplace Mall, there is a center court stage that is available free of charge to most performing arts organizations, school bands, dance schools, choirs, etc. There is a standardized form that applicants must fill out to book the stage. A certificate of insurance is required, or it can be waived if all participants sign a waiver and a hold harmless agreement. Each group is required to submit a sample of their performance. This sample is used to determine if the group is appropriate for the stage. Some groups have been denied use of the stage for the following reasons: too many members to fit n the stage, proposed music was too loud, or the act was not suitable for a family oriented business. Although each one of these denials are grounds for litigation, each of them has a solid, documented reason for being invoked. Future The shopping center industry must be prepared for new litigation since the realm of freedom of speech is always a slippery slope. As outlined above, requests from demonstrators are a major area for litigation. Less than twenty-five states have decided if malls must allow demonstrators access to their property, which includes the states named throughout this paper. What aits to be seen is how the remaining states will rule when the question of free speech versus property owners rights is raised. It also waits to be seen how the various courts will rule on the reasonable regulations malls can impose on demonstrators. It seems foolhardy for a court to set down a judgment about these regulations that could affect all malls in one state when each mall is different. The same guidelines usually dont work for each location. Conclusion The shopping center industry is left waiting for the next lawsuit to be filed regarding freedom of speech. The outcome of the suit will depend on the tates constitution where the suit is filed. If the shopping center loses and every mall in that state is forced to allow demonstrations, I would guarantee an appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court. Will the Supreme Court hear the case? Its doubtful, based on previous court decisions. Potential new litigation to come from California, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, Colorado and Massachusetts might raise the question of whether a shopping center needs to subsidize demonstrations on mall property. Since the insurance policy the mall requires primarily benefits the mall, shouldnt the mall pay for it and not the emonstrators? Might the mall be required to pay for other items that the demonstrators cant afford, like signs? As a certified shopping center manager with over ten years of experience and a member of the International Council of Shopping Centers, I am troubled by the rising legal costs of doing business. (Cesare 1) The general public is invited into shopping centers to spend their money on food, apparel and/or entertainment. Newspapers are not forced to print editorials, shopping centers should not be forced to allow someone access to its valuable commodity, customers, without some type of reimbursement

The Great Awakening/Enlightenment free essay sample

As colonial America progressed into a more advanced and modern union, many people began to have brilliant ideas and construct experiments to define them. Many of them were intellectuals, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and the founding fathers of the United States. This led to an age of progress and optimism, which roots deep within Europe, called the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment also resulted in an outcry of protestant revivalism called the Great Awakening where many revivalists began to bring back people to religion and to rival against the intellectuals of the Enlightenment. Both of these movements influenced American intellectual and religious life. The Enlightenment was known as the age of reason and optimism that sprung up in Europe around the 18th century. The Enlightenment really inspired the colonies in many ways. Intellectual people sprung up. Many of them led advances in technology and science, such as Ben Franklin and the lightning rod experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Awakening/Enlightenment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some even invented new ideas such as the American Philosophical Society. Many more people in the colonies began to read and think and contributed to the greater good of the findings of our nation. Because of the Enlightenment, many colonists became well educated and became more literate. They began to become more open to ideas and they began to share their ideas to each other. This also caused Deism to come up. Deism was the belief that a God created a universe, but let it alone to do its own work and did not interfere with it. This caused a religious revivalism and outcry to emerge throughout the colonies.

Vocabulary free essay sample

When mankind created vocabulary little did they know of its complications in the 21st century world. Knowledge acquisition and vocabulary has a unique relationship, which is directly linked to Language as a Way of Knowing. The claim discusses whether our vocabulary is a simple reaction to our previous knowledge or is our knowledge acquisition shaped by the vocabulary we know. On one hand, our vocabulary had become so influential that our world is completely built and dependent on it, which is the pinnacle point of Whorfarianism. On the other hand, our language acts as a metaphoric cloak for our knowledge and communicates it rather than have any influence of what knowledge we can attain which is the main belief of linguistic universalism and Pinker, believes in vocabulary’s ability to influence knowledge acquisition rather than define it. This assignment will evaluate, first of all, the validity of the claim through these three theories and furthermore, if this claim is to be true, does our vocabulary promote or limit our knowledge acquisition. We will write a custom essay sample on Vocabulary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vocabulary is a â€Å"body of words that provide a medium of expression for mental habits† (â€Å"Vocabulary†); however in order to evaluate the function ‘vocabulary’ plays on knowledge acquisition in the different areas of knowledge, we can assume that vocabulary is any system of symbols that communicates thoughts, concepts and emotions which vary from alphabetical characters to mathematical symbols. Daniel Chandler claimed, â€Å"Language is a cloak conforming to the customary categories of thought of its speakers†. This presents vocabulary as â€Å"a dress of thought† (Chandler) rather than a ‘mould’ for knowledge. In evaluating the claim, one can argue that although our vocabulary may be able to communicate our knowledge, it does not shape our knowledge acquisition. For example, shooting a basketball consists of the following steps: bring the ball up, aim at the hoop and throwing the ball at the hoop. If someone says shoot the ball, one would not be able to conduct the procedure unless one knows of the above steps. This shows that our vocabulary only represents knowledge so it would be convenient to communicate it and is not involved in attaining knowledge. In the realms of mathematics, dated back 25,000 years ago, the Ishango tribe carved tally marks running the length of a bone. The Ishango bone’s carved notches were believed to have constructed a numerical system of prime numbers, multiplication and division, and a lunar calendar. In this scenario, although the Ishango people are not using any vocabulary they are able to acquire knowledge. It was only centuries later that numeric vocabulary was born. The prehistoric mathematicians gained the preconceived knowledge before creating mathematical vocabulary and numbers, to present their knowledge. Edward Sapir and his student, Benjamin Whorf, theorized that knowledge and thought are rigidly restricted to our language. In The Status of Linguistics as a Science Sapir states, â€Å"the ‘real world’ is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the language habits of the group†. For example, the only method of attaining any historical knowledge is if one learns from the historian’s words. If there is no language to communicate and shape our thought we would not have knowledge of the past, unless one is a witness to a historical event. In reality, this is not the case, therefore, students solely rely on the historian’s vocabulary to learn history. This is a clear example of linguistic determinism, where language determines knowledge. A problem of knowledge is the historian’s personal bias in his work. Cameron believes that â€Å"The Chinese themselves will never abolish that hateful practice of buying and selling their women like so much merchandise† (McClain). In this case, the reader would be shaped to believe that the Chinese men objectify women. However, this is not true in the 21st century as Hornby states, â€Å"women make up the backbone of production-line workers in Chinas private sector†. As our knowledge is completely dependent upon the historian’s words, it comes to a point where we do not know whose words to believe. Linguistic relativism is another theory, which states that different languages will cause people to perceive the world differently as Sapir states, â€Å"No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. † I have realized this is an evident problem in the arts. As I am a bilingual Chinese and English speaker, I have realized that romantic songs in Chinese have an emotional depth that is lacked in its English version, even though the vocabulary is translated correctly. Therefore, it is due to this depth that romances in oriental countries are more serious and is perceived as a step before marriage (Hsu) in comparison to the Western world where relationships are formed on â€Å"strong emotional experiences† (Cohen). The same sentiment is portrayed by Pablo Neruda as he mentions how the English and French translation of his work â€Å"do not correspond to Spanish neither in vocalization†¦or the weight of words. It is not a question of interpretative equivalence†¦ but this correctness of translation, can be the destruction of a poem. † Therefore, Sapir-Whorf believes that lingual relativism is untranslatable as different languages determine different types of knowledge. The main argument against Sapir-Whorf’s linguistic determinism, is Pinker’s reference to the deaf, people who have been isolated from vocabulary. He argues that if vocabulary completely defines knowledge, would the lack of vocabulary suggest the lack of knowledge? Would it suggest that the deaf have no knowledge acquisition? Reality is quite the contrary as the deaf do have the ability to think and communicate through their body. Mentalese is an adaptation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis theorized by Pinker. Instead of assuming that language defines thinking is restricted language, he believed in the potential for language to influence rather than determine thinking as he claimes, stating that differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts of their speaker (Pinker). In this case, language can either limit or promote knowledge acquisition. Vocabulary can limit knowledge acquisition because it does not entirely incorporate the whole truth of an idea or concept. Bertrand Russel’s descriptivist theory states that for every word is a short hand abbreviation of a list of descriptive words and facts, that enables the human mind to form a belief. The issue is that the descriptive words to define the primary word might omit other aspects of reality. In politics, man uses this to their advantage to manipulate and persuade the public. George Orwell says â€Å"Political language is†¦designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable† (? ?). For example, â€Å"If we don’t taking the initiative, others will take the initiative before us,† Peres declared to the press, â€Å"Israel is facing a series of unprecedented challenges and tests and we cannot remain without a plan† ( ). Here, ‘take the initiative’ could suggest diplomatic conferences or a military undertaking. The use of euphamism and emotive laden language limiting the knowledge of the civilians through vagueness. Similarly, in ethics, vocabulary limits our knowledge by omitting the complexities of the situation. An example is a famous law case in 1884 about the cannibalism of the crewmembers of the Mignonette. After the Mignonette capsized, the four-crew members (a cabin boy and 3 others) escaped to a lifeboat where they had to survive without food or water for the next 11 days. The cabin boy had drunk seawater and was dying. He was killed and the other members fed on his flesh and were rescued a week later. There are many who believed that the act of the crew was ethical while others believes it was unethical. Both words do not portray the complexities of the situation, and others would gain on partial knowledge of the situation with the choice of either word. On the other hand, vocabulary is also used to develop new knowledge. In mathematics we use vocabulary even though we do not know exactly what it is but we use it for complex ideas. Although we can comprehend concepts of counting with preconceived knowledge like the cavemen, we seem less likely to understand a complex concepts by ‘experiencing it’, but memorize the vocabulary and use it to gather more conceptual knowledge. Educational systems in the 21st century also rely on this method. Students are given the vocabulary first, such as the concept of ‘? ’, and then they apply it in an attempt to gain knowledge. As a student, even if I do not know any predetermined knowledge about pi, we can still use the vocabulary to find the area of the circle (A=? r^2) regardless of whether we know what pi is or not. Similarly in the natural sciences, students memorize scientific vocabulary first prior to investigating the meaning of the vocabulary through experiments. Therefore, this establishes that vocabulary can promote knowledge when it comes to complex ideas. In conclusion, our vocabulary in most definitely communicate knowledge, however, the fact that it can shape our knowledge is debatable. With debatable points from Sapir-Whorf and Chandler I believe that the most suitable theory for our 21st century world is Pinker’s. Claiming that vocabulary defines knowledge is not popularly supported and stating that vocabulary plays no role in knowledge acquisition is also a falsity. With our progressive world it is inevitable that our vocabulary would influence attaining knowledge, as it is a means of communication. However, to the extent of how it limits or promotes knowledge acquisition is yet to be known.

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps How to Write a Compelling Character Arc A character arc maps the evolution of a personality through a story. It's a term that writers use to describe their protagonist's journey from a place of comfort to rapid change and back again: hence, an arc.While main characters might face big challenges (Hungarian Horntails and evil Dark Lords), character arcs have to do with internal, personal change. Characters will find their strengths and weaknesses tested over the course of the story - so that by the time they arrive at the story's end, they are a changed person. These changes might not be monumental, but they will have made a significant impact on the character, either positively or negatively.In this post, we'll look at how a writer can plot a compelling, believable arc - starting with a classic story of good triumphing over evil. Whether your protagonist has a happy or unfortunate ending, here's how to arc their internal development How to write a character arc with a  positive changeWhen the protagonist overcomes external obstacles and internal flaws in order to become a better person, we can describe this as a positive arc. It’s often used in story structures such as the Hero’s Journey.At its core, this arc is made up of three points:The Goal: Every character needs to have a goal. It might be to fall in love. Or it might be to make as much money as possible. Either way, their journey will be hindered by...The Lie: A deeply-rooted misconception they have about themselves or the world that keeps them from reaching their true potential. In order to reach their goal, they’ll need to acknowledge and overcome the Lie, by facing†¦The Truth: While the character may have their own plans, the positive change arc has its own goal:   self-improvement. This is achieved when they learn to reject The Lie and embrace The Truth.To see this arc in action, let’s map it onto a few classic prot agonists.Example The HobbitIn Breaking Bad, Walter goes off the deep end (image: Sony Pictures Television)Walter White is in a happy marriage and lives an honest life working as a science teacher and as a father to his teenage son - but then he receives news of his advanced lung cancer. To begin, he’s concerned with the sudden confrontation with his own mortality. Until the inciting incident introduces...The Goal: Sell enough meth with ex-student-turned-drug-dealer Jesse Pinkman so that he can pay for cancer treatment and to secure the future of his family.The Lie: Arrogance. Walter believes he has the power to avoid the hand of the law, avoid corruption, and avoid bringing danger upon his family while entering the drug trade.The Truth: Walter believes he’s on a noble journey to provide for his family. In reality, he’s rebelling against his mortality - and playing with fire usually results in burns.This arc is different from the others we’ve examined be cause Walter starts his arc already aware of the Truth: cooking meth is risky business and is not the solution to his problems. But faced with impending death, the boundaries of his morals have been suddenly pushed, leaving him vulnerable to the Lie: the belief that he is immune corruption. His arc sees Walter continuously rejecting the red flags and embracing the Lie, until any distinction is lost and he’s so far gone he has no choice but to embrace the Lie completely. In the end, it consumes him and he loses everything, turning into a full-fledged anti-hero.Character Arc Map: They know the Truth about the world → They pursue a goal believing they can hold onto Truth → They succumb to the Lie and reject the Truth → They embrace (or are defeated by the Lie) and lose. How to plot a compelling and believable character arc - with examples These three steps, while being universal elements of all arcs, can take countless forms depending on the specificities of your character. Sometimes, the arc doesn’t involve substantial internal change, and is more about the change they effect on the world around them - something often called a â€Å"flat arc.†When planning the arc of your central personalities, always look for the lie they believe, the truth they may or may not believe, and the goal that drives them. We recommend downloading this free character profile template to help. If you find that you're still struggling, try using these character development exercises. Ultimately, breaking arcs down this way should help you emphasize cause and effect and keep your characters anchored in ways that will make it so much easier for your readers to empathize with.

To what extent (if any) is racism a product of modernity Answer with Essay

To what extent (if any) is racism a product of modernity Answer with reference to the writings of David Goldberg - Essay Example It is vital, however, to demonstrate its modernity if we are to show how racism, rather than being a problem of individual pathology, is embedded in the structures of the modern nation-state.† (Lentin) David Theo Goldberg, leading scholar of critical race theory, contends, â€Å"Race is one of the central conceptual inventions of modernity" and that "we have come, if often only silently, to conceive of social subjects foremost in racial terms.† (Goldberg, Racist Culture p.3) Throughout his work, The Racial State, he further argues â€Å"that race has marked modernity and its development constitutively, that the racial state is in this sense the paradigmatically modern social formation." (Goldberg, Racial State, p.148) In his view the modern state sees itself as homogenous, seeing anyone who does not fit the social mold as worthy of exclusion. The exclusion can be as literal as segregation or figurative as in the sense that members must assimilate or be ostracized. This shows the central racist tendency of the modern state and racism as a product of that tendency. Anthropologist Audrey Smedley views race and racism in this way. â€Å"I argue that race was institutionalised beginning in the 18th century as a worldview, a set of culturally created attitudes and beliefs about human group differences.† Smedley is convinced of this, and along with many modern anthropologists believes that the basis for current racism has its roots in African slavery specifically. She does not make the claim for slavery itself as the root of racism, since before the modern era many people were enslaved. In Malik’s view, Smedley’s contention is somewhat courageous. â€Å"For much of the past half century, politicians and scientists have largely spoken with a single voice on the issue of race. The experience of Nazism and the Holocaust made racial science politically unacceptable. It also shaped the scientific consensus that race was a social myth, not a